This paper will examine people’s attitudes toward religion in 29 former Soviet bloc countries, as well as their religious affiliation. While Soviet ideology sought to eliminate religion and replace it with universal atheism, the Catholic Church in Poland, for example, was able to resist. Given that religion was suppressed to different degrees in different countries under Communist rule, and is still suppressed in some of them today, religion is  more important in some countries than others. People’s tolerance of different religions also varies throughout the region. Using data from the Gallup World Poll collected annually between 2005 and 2014, we are able to shed more light on trends in religious affiliation as well as on the importance that people place on religion. Furthermore, we compare attitudes regarding religious tolerance. In all former Communist countries, the Gallup World Poll asks self-declared believers whether marrying someone outside their own religion is acceptable. In addition, we ask believers if they consider their religion to be the one true religion in the world or as just one among many equally valuable religions. Finally, the World Poll provides public opinion data on religious education in schools from across the region. And special attention is paid to attitudinal differences among various demographic groups, with a particular focus on age groups to compare those who grew up under Communist rule versus the younger generation.